oracle提供了sqlldr的工具，有时需要讲数据导入到文本，oracle的spool可以轻松实现。
方便的实现oracle导出数据到txt、txt导入数据到oracle。
一、导出数据到txt
用all_objects表做测试
sql> desc all_objects; name null? type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- owner not null varchar2(30) object_name not null varchar2(30) subobject_name varchar2(30) object_id not null number data_object_id number object_type varchar2(19) created not null date last_ddl_time not null date timestamp varchar2(19) status varchar2(7) temporary varchar2(1) generated varchar2(1) secondary varchar2(1)
拿object_id,object_name做导出、导入测试。
一些设置满足数据导出的样式：
vi exp_table.sql
set line 1000 --设置行的长度 set pagesize 0 --输出不换页 set feedback off --默认的当一条sql发出的时候，oracle会给一个反馈，比如说创建表的时候，如果成功命令行会返回类似：table created的反馈,off后不显示反馈 set heading off --不显示表头信息 set trimspool on --如果trimspool设置为on，将移除spool文件中的尾部空 set trims on --去掉空字符 set echo off; --显示start启动的脚本中的每个sql命令，缺省为on set colsep '|' --设置分隔符 set termout off --不在屏幕上显示结果 spool db1.txt --记录数据到db1.txt select object_id,object_name from all_objects; --导出数据语句 spool off --收集完毕 exit
一切就绪后导出数据：
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test @exp_table.sql sql*plus: release 10.2.0.4.0 - production on thu jun 13 16:35:14 2013 copyright (c) 1982, 2007, oracle. all rights reserved. connected to: oracle database 10g enterprise edition release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options disconnected from oracle database 10g enterprise edition release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options [oracle@centos5 ~]$ sed -i 's/ //g' db1.txt --可选，去除每行开头部分的空格 [oracle@centos5 ~]$ more db1.txt 20|icol$ 44|i_user1 28|con$ 15|undo$ 29|c_cobj# 3|i_obj# 25|proxy_role_data$
导出后检查数据的记录数是否正确
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ cat db1.txt |wc -l 49988 [oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test sql*plus: release 10.2.0.4.0 - production on thu jun 13 16:36:21 2013 copyright (c) 1982, 2007, oracle. all rights reserved. connected to: oracle database 10g enterprise edition release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options sql> select count(*) from all_objects; count(*) ---------- 49988 --数据正确
二、从txt导入数据到oracle
sqlldr是通过一个control文件设定后，从文本导入数据
建立一张测试表
sql> create table tb_sqlldr (id number,name varchar2(50)); table created.
建立一个control文件
vi tb_sqlldr.ctl
load data infile 'db1.txt' --数据来源文本 append into table tb_sqlldr --数据导入到表tb_sqldr中，导入方式为追加，如果想覆盖 fields terminated by "|" --4、字段终止于x'09'，是一个制表符(tab) (id,name) --定义对应的字段名称，注意顺序
导入数据分成四种模式，可以根据需求选择：
append // 原先的表有数据 就加在后面
insert // 装载空表 如果原先的表有数据 sqlloader会停止 默认值
replace // 原先的表有数据 原先的数据会全部删除
truncate // 指定的内容和replace的相同 会用truncate语句删除现存数据
执行导入操作
sqlldr userid=test/test control=tb_sqlldr.ctl
差不多5w的数据短短2s解决
执行导入后验证数据
sql> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr; count(*) ---------- 49988
导入成功
再执行一次导入操作，由于设置为追加：
sql> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr; count(*) ---------- 99976
记录翻倍
sqlldr还有很多参数供选择，比如log、bad这些，查看帮助即可。
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlldr
sql*loader: release 10.2.0.4.0 - production on thu jun 13 17:07:26 2013
copyright (c) 1982, 2007, oracle. all rights reserved.
usage: sqlldr keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]
valid keywords:
userid -- oracle username/password
control -- control file name
log -- log file name
bad -- bad file name
data -- data file name
discard -- discard file name
discardmax -- number of discards to allow (default all)
skip -- number of logical records to skip (default 0)
load -- number of logical records to load (default all)
errors -- number of errors to allow (default 50)
rows -- number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct path data saves
(default: conventional path 64, direct path all)
bindsize -- size of conventional path bind array in bytes (default 256000)
silent -- suppress messages during run (header,feedback,errors,discards,partitions)
direct -- use direct path (default false)
parfile -- parameter file: name of file that contains parameter specifications
parallel -- do parallel load (default false)
file -- file to allocate extents from
skip_unusable_indexes -- disallow/allow unusable indexes or index partitions (default false)
skip_index_maintenance -- do not maintain indexes, mark affected indexes as unusable (default false)
commit_discontinued -- commit loaded rows when load is discontinued (default false)
readsize -- size of read buffer (default 1048576)
external_table -- use external table for load; not_used, generate_only, execute (default not_used)
columnarrayrows -- number of rows for direct path column array (default 5000)
streamsize -- size of direct path stream buffer in bytes (default 256000)
multithreading -- use multithreading in direct path
resumable -- enable or disable resumable for current session (default false)
resumable_name -- text string to help identify resumable statement
resumable_timeout -- wait time (in seconds) for resumable (default 7200)
date_cache -- size (in entries) of date conversion cache (default 1000)
please note: command-line parameters may be specified either by
position or by keywords. an example of the former case is 'sqlldr
scott/tiger foo'; an example of the latter is 'sqlldr control=foo
userid=scott/tiger'. one may specify parameters by position before
but not after parameters specified by keywords. for example,
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo logfile=log' is allowed, but
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo log' is not, even though the
position of the parameter 'log' is correct.
总结
以上就是本文关于oracle数据与文本导入导出源码示例的全部内容，感兴趣的朋友可以参阅：oracle sql语句优化技术要点解析、、等，如有不足之处，欢迎留言指正，希望对大家有所帮助。感谢大家对www.887551.com网站的支持。