linux centos6.5 64bit下安装oracle12c：
groupadd oinstall groupadd dba mkdir -p /u01/oracle useradd -g oinstall -g dba -d /u01/oracle oracle （这里不是一定要把home目录更改到/u01/oracle，默认也可。） 把下面三个文件复制到 /u01/oracle目录下 [root@oracle /]# cd /etc/skel/ [root@oracle skel]# ll -a -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 7月 18 2013 .bash_logout -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 7月 18 2013 .bash_profile -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 124 7月 18 2013 .bashrc 注：useradd添加用户时，会自动从这个目录下的文件复制到用户的家目录 password oracle chown -r oracle:oinstall /u01 chmod -r 775 /u01/
/*安装vnc*/
yum -y install tigervnc-server vncserver 回车 输入密码 ps -ef | grep vnc vnc客户端连接：ip:1
检测是否有安装以下程序：
binutils-2.17.50.0.6 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 - elfutils-libelf-0.125 elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125 - elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125 - gcc-4.1.2 - gcc-c++-4.1.2 - glibc-2.5-24 glibc-common-2.5 glibc-devel-2.5 glibc-headers-2.5 kernel-headers-2.6.18 ksh-20060214 - libaio-0.3.106 libaio-devel-0.3.106 - libgcc-4.1.2 libgomp-4.1.2 libstdc++-4.1.2 libstdc++-devel-4.1.2 - make-3.81 sysstat-7.0.2 unixodbc-2.2.11 - unixodbc-devel-2.2.11 -
修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件，加上如下参数
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
为使上述配置生效而不重启系统，执行如下命令
# /sbin/sysctl -p
修改用户限制
root用户：修改 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件，加上下面的参数
oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536
修改用户验证选项
root用户下：修改/etc/pam.d/login文件加上如下参数
session required pam_limits.so
修改用户配置文件
root用户下：修改/etc/profile文件加入如下参数：
if [ $user = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $shell = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
修改oracle用户bash_profile：
$ vi .bash_profile
增加如下内容，主要是修改
export oracle_base=/u01 export oracle_home=$oracle_base/product/12.1.0/db_1 export oracle_sid=hxw168 export path=$oracle_home/bin:$path:$home/bin
安装oracle:
安装oracle无法使用命令/usr/bin/xdpyinfo自动检查显示器颜色：
[root@oracle /]# xdpyinfo | grep "name of display" name of display: :1.0 [root@oracle /]# 在oracle用户下执行命令： export display=:1.0 （上面name of display:后面的 :1.0）
prvf-0002:无法检索本地节点名
host文件 ip与名称对应 192.168.198.188 oracle
sql> create user admin identified by zerostudy;
create user admin identified by zerostudy
*
error at line 1:
ora-65096: invalid common user or role name
sql> !oerr ora 65096
65096, 00000, “invalid common user or role name”
// *cause: an attempt was made to create a common user or role with a name
// that wass not valid for common users or roles. in addition to
// the usual rules for user and role names, common user and role
// names must start with c## or c## and consist only of ascii
// characters.
// *action: specify a valid common user or role name.
//
解决方法：
调整虚拟机的内存到600多m(原来1g多)，启动oracle时提示：
sql> startup
ora-00845: memory_target not supported on this system
sql> !oerr ora 00854
00854, 00000, “asm ioserver instance fence monitor process terminated.”
// *cause: the asm ioserver fence monitor process died.
// *action: warm start the instance.
原因就是linux系统的shm的大小比sga设置的小造成的。
可以调整shm的大小:
vi /etc/fstab
修改如下行的设置
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
改成
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=6g 0 0
重新mount下shm使其生效
mount -o remount /dev/shm
tns-12514: tns:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor
需要更改listener.ora文件（跟径在$oracle_home/network/admin），然后重启lsnrctl
# generated by oracle configuration tools. #listener = # (description_list = # (description = # (address = (protocol = ipc)(key = extproc1521)) # (address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 192.168.198.188)(port = 1521)) # ) # ) hxw168 = (description_list = (description = (address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 192.168.198.188)(port = 1521)) ) ) sid_list_hxw168= (sid_list = (sid_desc= (oracle_home = /u01/app/product/12.1.0/db_1) (sid_name = hxw168) ) )
oracle简单的启动脚本：
[root@oracle ~]# cat /etc/init.d/oracle su - oracle <<eof lsnrctl start sqlplus / as sysdba startup eof
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