前言
控制文件（control file）是一个相当小的文件（最多能增长到64m左右），其中包含oracle需要的其他文件的一个目录。参数文件告知实例控制文件的位置，控制文件则告知示例数据库和在线重做日志文件的位置。控制文件还告知了oracle其他一些事情，如已发生检查点的有关信息、数据库名（必须和db_name参数匹配）、创建数据库的时间戳、归档重做日志的历史（有时这会让控制文件变大）、rman信息等。
环境：oel 5.7 + oracle 10.2.0.5
背景：在oracle的运维过程中，时常会遇到一些场景是需要重建控制文件才可以解决的。本文的场景可以通过复制控制文件到新路径，运行一段时间后，再用老的控制文件启动数据库重现。
1.当前故障现象
在使用旧的控制文件启动数据库时，报错ora-01122、ora-01110、ora-01207:
sql> shutdown abort oracle instance shut down. sql> startup oracle instance started. total system global area 599785472 bytes fixed size 2098112 bytes variable size 218106944 bytes database buffers 373293056 bytes redo buffers 6287360 bytes database mounted. ora-01122: database file 1 failed verification check ora-01110: data file 1: '/oradata/cxywdb/system01.dbf' ora-01207: file is more recent than control file - old control file
2.分析故障原因
根据报错信息查找mos文档:
ora-1122, ora-1110, ora-1207 while open the database after crash (文档 id 283927.1)
延伸思考一下，为什么会这样？
主要错误是ora-01207，利用oerr工具看到oralce对这个错误的详细描述是：
01207, 00000, “file is more recent than control file – old control file”
// *cause: the control file change sequence number in the data file is
// greater than the number in the control file. this implies that
// the wrong control file is being used. note that repeatedly causing
// this error can make it stop happening without correcting the real
// problem. every attempt to open the database will advance the
// control file change sequence number until it is great enough.
// *action: use the current control file or do backup control file recovery to
// make the control file current. be sure to follow all restrictions
// on doing a backup control file recovery.
一般遇到这种情况，当前的控制文件肯定是找不到了。那么就得考虑重建控制文件来解决，mos给出的建议也是重建控制文件。
3.重建控制文件
重建控制文件的核心步骤：
3.1 备份控制文件到trace
startup mount alter database backup controlfile to trace; oradebug setmypid oradebug tracefile_name
3.2 启动数据库到nomount状态
shutdown abort startup nomount;
3.3 确认重建控制文件的语句
vi control.sql create controlfile reuse database "cxywdb" noresetlogs force logging archivelog maxlogfiles 16 maxlogmembers 3 maxdatafiles 100 maxinstances 8 maxloghistory 292 logfile group 5 '/oradata2/cxywdb/redo11.log' size 50m, group 6 '/oradata2/cxywdb/redo12.log' size 50m, group 7 '/oradata2/cxywdb/redo13.log' size 50m -- standby logfile datafile '/oradata/cxywdb/system01.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/undotbs01.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/sysaux01.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/users01.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred01.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred02.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred03.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred04.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred05.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/dbs_i_alfred01.dbf' character set zhs16gbk ;
3.4 恢复并打开数据库
sql> recover database; media recovery complete. sql> alter database open; database altered.
附：实际解决过程如下：
sql> shutdown abort oracle instance shut down. sql> startup mount oracle instance started. total system global area 599785472 bytes fixed size 2098112 bytes variable size 218106944 bytes database buffers 373293056 bytes redo buffers 6287360 bytes database mounted. sql> alter database backup controlfile to trace; database altered. sql> oradebug setmypid statement processed. sql> oradebug tracefile_name /s01/oracle/admin/cxywdb/udump/cxywdb_ora_3983.trc sql> shutdown abort oracle instance shut down. sql> startup nomount; oracle instance started. total system global area 599785472 bytes fixed size 2098112 bytes variable size 218106944 bytes database buffers 373293056 bytes redo buffers 6287360 bytes sql> @control control file created. sql> select status from v$instance; status ------------ mounted sql> recover database; media recovery complete. sql> alter database open; database altered.
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