安装完成后如何找回SQL Server实例安装时的序列号

当需要再次安装sql server时,如果序列号找不到了,可以试着从已经安装的实例里找回序列号,因为安装完sql server后,序列号(product key)被保存在注册表里;

msdn订阅下载的安装包是内置序列号的,则没有这个困扰。

一. 序列号保存在哪

通过无文档记载的扩展存储过程xp_regread读取注册表:

--for sql server 2008, 2008 r2
use master
go
exec xp_regread 'hkey_local_machine','software\microsoft\microsoft sql server0\tools\setup','productcode'
exec xp_regread 'hkey_local_machine','software\microsoft\microsoft sql server0\tools\setup','digitalproductid'
go
--for sql server 2012
use master
go
exec xp_regread 'hkey_local_machine','software\microsoft\microsoft sql server0\tools\setup','productcode'
exec xp_regread 'hkey_local_machine','software\microsoft\microsoft sql server0\tools\setup','digitalproductid'
go

不要被productcode迷惑,就算只安装了sql server客户端,注册表里也会有这个键值,并不是序列号,digitalproductid才是,但经过了base24编码,需要解码才行。

可以看到,对于不同版本,注册表的路径不一样,但是键是一致的。

express版是免费的,没有序列号,从而注册表也没digitalproductid这个键。

二. 如何解码序列号

1. base24, base64 编码简介

可能很多人听说过base64编码,它用于对比较长的字符串进行编码,以方便传输;

base24编码主要应用在序列号生成上,两者的实现思路是类似的,只是编码的模式有点变化。

base64所对应的编码表是:

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=

共计64个字符。

base24所对应的编码表是:

bcdfghjkmpqrtvwxy2346789

共计24个字符,这里主要去掉了一些对于序列号来说不容易识别和容易混淆的字符。

sql server的序列号采用的是base24编码,对编码后的字符进行解码,即可以得到原文。

编码/解码并不是加密/解密,没有秘钥的说法,只有字符转换的规则,base24, base64详细的算法可以在网上找到。

2. 利用powershell 解码

以下powershell函数用于解码/找回sql server序列号,在sql server 2008, 2008 r2实例上测试通过:

function get-sqlserverkey {
  ## function to retrieve the license key of a sql 2008 server.
   param ($targets = ".")
  $hklm = 2147483650
  $regpath = "software\microsoft\microsoft sql server0\tools\setup"
  $regvalue1 = "digitalproductid"
  $regvalue2 = "patchlevel"
  $regvalue3 = "edition"
  foreach ($target in $targets) {
    $productkey = $null
    $win32os = $null
    $wmi = [wmiclass]"\$target\root\default:stdregprov"
    $data = $wmi.getbinaryvalue($hklm,$regpath,$regvalue1)
    [string]$sqlver = $wmi.getstringvalue($hklm,$regpath,$regvalue2).svalue
    [string]$sqledition = $wmi.getstringvalue($hklm,$regpath,$regvalue3).svalue
    $binarray = ($data.uvalue)[52..66]
    $charsarray = "b","c","d","f","g","h","j","k","m","p","q","r","t","v","w","x","y","2","3","4","6","7","8","9"
    ## decrypt base24 encoded binary data
    for ($i = 24; $i -ge 0; $i--) {
      $k = 0
      for ($j = 14; $j -ge 0; $j--) {
        $k = $k * 256 -bxor $binarray[$j]
        $binarray[$j] = [math]::truncate($k / 24)
        $k = $k % 24
     }
      $productkey = $charsarray[$k] + $productkey
      if (($i % 5 -eq 0) -and ($i -ne 0)) {
        $productkey = "-" + $productkey
      }
    }
    $win32os = get-wmiobject win32_operatingsystem -computer $target
    $obj = new-object object
    $obj | add-member noteproperty computer -value $target
    $obj | add-member noteproperty oscaption -value $win32os.caption
    $obj | add-member noteproperty osarch -value $win32os.osarchitecture
    $obj | add-member noteproperty sqlver -value $sqlver
    $obj | add-member noteproperty sqledition -value $sqledition
    $obj | add-member noteproperty productkey -value $productkey
    $obj
  }
}

sql server 2012序列号里字符的格式发生了变化,$binarray = ($data.uvalue)[0..16] 不同于sql server 2008的$binarray = ($data.uvalue)[52..66],同时别忘了改下注册表路径$regpath = “software\microsoft\microsoft sql server\110\tools\setup”,修改后如下,在sql server 2012实例上测试通过:

function get-sqlserverkey {
## function to retrieve the license key of a sql 2012 server.
## by jakob bindslet (jakob@bindslet.dk)
## 2012 modification by xian wang (daanno2@gmail.com)
param ($targets = ".")
$hklm = 2147483650
$regpath = "software\microsoft\microsoft sql server0\tools\setup"
$regvalue1 = "digitalproductid"
$regvalue2 = "patchlevel"
$regvalue3 = "edition"
foreach ($target in $targets) {
$productkey = $null
$win32os = $null
$wmi = [wmiclass]"\$target\root\default:stdregprov"
$data = $wmi.getbinaryvalue($hklm,$regpath,$regvalue1)
[string]$sqlver = $wmi.getstringvalue($hklm,$regpath,$regvalue2).svalue
[string]$sqledition = $wmi.getstringvalue($hklm,$regpath,$regvalue3).svalue
$binarray = ($data.uvalue)[0..16]
$charsarray = "b","c","d","f","g","h","j","k","m","p","q","r","t","v","w","x","y","2","3","4","6","7","8","9"
## decrypt base24 encoded binary data
for ($i = 24; $i -ge 0; $i--) {
$k = 0
for ($j = 14; $j -ge 0; $j--) {
$k = $k * 256 -bxor $binarray[$j]
$binarray[$j] = [math]::truncate($k / 24)
$k = $k % 24
}
$productkey = $charsarray[$k] + $productkey
if (($i % 5 -eq 0) -and ($i -ne 0)) {
$productkey = "-" + $productkey
}
}
$win32os = get-wmiobject win32_operatingsystem -computer $target
$obj = new-object object
$obj | add-member noteproperty computer -value $target
$obj | add-member noteproperty oscaption -value $win32os.caption
$obj | add-member noteproperty osarch -value $win32os.osarchitecture
$obj | add-member noteproperty sqlver -value $sqlver
$obj | add-member noteproperty sqledition -value $sqledition
$obj | add-member noteproperty productkey -value $productkey
$obj
}
}

3. 调用powershell函数并输出序列号

打开powershell,把上面的函数贴进去,回车,输入get-sqlserverkey 并回车;

或者把上面的函数存为.ps1文件直接引用:

ps c:\windows\system32> . c:\users\username\desktop\pk.ps1
ps c:\windows\system32> get-sqlserverkey

输出结果如下,首尾几个字符被人为改成星号,没有贴出来。

computer  : .
oscaption : microsoft windows server 2012 r2 standard
osarch   : 64-bit
sqlver   : 11.2.5058.0
sqledition : developer edition
productkey : *****-g8t4r-qw4xx-bvh62-*****

对于sql server 2000, 2005,由于手头没有环境,没有测试;对于office,windows系统,应该也都可以通过类似的方式拿到序列号。

以上内容就是关于安装完成后如何找回sql server实例安装时的序列号,希望大家有所帮助。

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